Amid Ascension’s decision not to discuss the attack, there aren’t enough details to provide a complete autopsy of Ascension’s missteps and the measures the company could have taken to prevent the network breach. In general, though, the one-two pivot indicates a failure to follow various well-established security approaches. One of them is known as security in depth. The security principle is similar to the reason submarines have layered measures to protect against hull breaches and fighting onboard fires. In the event one fails, another one will still contain the danger.

The other neglected approach—known as zero trust—is, as WIRED explains, a “holistic approach to minimizing damage” even when hack attempts do succeed. Zero-trust designs are the direct inverse of the traditional, perimeter-enforced hard on the outside, soft on the inside approach to network security. Zero trust assumes the network will be breached and builds the resiliency for it to withstand or contain the compromise anyway.

The ability of a single compromised Ascension-connected computer to bring down the health giant’s entire network in such a devastating way is the strongest indication yet that the company failed its patients spectacularly. Ultimately, the network architects are responsible, but as Wyden has argued, Microsoft deserves blame, too, for failing to make the risks and precautionary measures for Kerberoasting more explicit.

As security expert HD Moore observed in an interview, if the Kerberoasting attack wasn’t available to the ransomware hackers, “it seems likely that there were dozens of other options for an attacker (standard bloodhound-style lateral movement, digging through logon scripts and network shares, etc).” The point being: Just because a target shuts down one viable attack path is no guarantee that others remain.

All of that is undeniable. It’s also indisputable that in 2025, there’s no excuse for an organization as big and sensitive as Ascension suffering a Kerberoasting attack, and that both Ascension and Microsoft share blame for the breach.

“When I came up with Kerberoasting in 2014, I never thought it would live for more than a year or two,” Medin wrote in a post published the same day as the Wyden letter. “I (erroneously) thought that people would clean up the poor, dated credentials and move to more secure encryption. Here we are 11 years later, and unfortunately it still works more often than it should.”